Pamusoro pepfungwa yegirazi
Girazi, yainziwo Liuli muChina yekare.Mavara echiJapan eChinese anomiririrwa negirazi.Icho chinhu chakajeka chakasimba chinoumba chimiro chetiweki chinoenderera kana chanyungudutswa.Munguva yekutonhora, viscosity inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye inoomesa pasina crystallization.Maumbirwo egirazi kemikari okisidi yakajairwa iNa2O•CaO•6SiO2, uye chikamu chikuru isilicon dioxide.
Girazi ikemikari inert munharaunda yezuva nezuva uye haibatanidzi nezvisikwa, saka inosiyana zvakanyanya.Girazi rinowanzo nyungudika muasidhi (kunze kwekuti: hydrofluoric acid inopindirana negirazi kuita SiF4, inotungamira mukuora kwegirazi), asi inonyungudika mumaalkali akasimba, akadai secesium hydroxide.Iyo nzira yekugadzira ndeyekunyungudutsa akasiyana-siyana akanyatso kuenzana mbishi zvinhu uye nekukasira kuzvitonhodza pasi.Morekuru rimwe nerimwe harina nguva yakakwana yekugadzira makristasi kuti aumbe girazi.Girazi rakasimba pakudziya kwekamuri.Chinhu chisina kusimba chine kuomarara kweMohs ye6.5.
Nhoroondo yegirazi
Girazi rakatanga kuwanikwa kubva mukuomarara kweasidhi matombo akaburitswa mumakomo anoputika.Pamberi pe3700 BC, vaIjipita vekare vakakwanisa kugadzira zvishongo zvegirazi uye zviri nyore glassware.Panguva iyoyo kwaingova negirazi rine mavara chete.Pamberi pe1000 BC, China yakagadzira girazi risina ruvara.
Muzana ramakore rechi 12 AD, girazi rekutengesa rekuchinjana rakaonekwa uye rakatanga kuve zvinhu zveindasitiri.Muzana ramakore rechi 18, kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvekugadzira materesikopu, girazi rinoona rakagadzirwa.Muna 1873, Belgium yakatungamira mukugadzira girazi rakatsetseka.Muna 1906, United States yakagadzira muchina wegirazi unotungamira kumusoro.Muna 1959, Kambani yeBritish Pilkington Glass yakazivisa pasirese kuti hurongwa hwekuyangarara hwegirazi rakafuratirwa hwakagadzirwa zvakabudirira, yaive shanduko mune yekutanga grooved kuumba maitiro.Kubva ipapo, nekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kugadzirwa kwakakura kwegirazi, girazi rekushandisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye zvivakwa zvakasiyana zvakabuda imwe mushure meimwe.Munguva dzazvino, girazi rave chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kugadzira, uye sainzi uye tekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-21-2021